This study analyses the enforcement of viral hepatitis criminalisation in the United States. Indiana is one of nine states with laws criminalising viral hepatitis exposure. Using a legal epidemiological approach, the authors reviewed court records and probable cause affidavits to identify prosecutions involving people living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) under Indiana’s Battery by Bodily Fluid and Waste law between 2011 and 2025. Findings suggest the need for infectious disease law reform to align with current transmission science.
